Free jazz saxophonists

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 33. Chapters: John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman, Albert Ayler, Abatte Barihun, Anthony Braxton, Rent Romus, Arthur Doyle, Dewey Redman, Wally Shoup, Jason Robinson, David Murray, Fred Anderson, Tim Berne, Noah Howard, Gato Barbieri, Ed Summerlin, George Adams, Marshall Allen, Chris Speed, Aaron Leaney, Mario Schiano, Shamek Farrah, Jimmy Lyons, J. D. Parran, Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre, Charles Tyler, Arthur Jones, Daniel Carter, Kaoru Abe. Excerpt: John William Coltrane (also known as "Trane"; September 23, 1926 - July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes in jazz and later was at the forefront of free jazz. He was prolific, organizing at least fifty recording sessions as a leader during his recording career, and appeared as a sideman on many other albums, notably with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his career progressed, Coltrane and his music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist. Coltrane influenced innumerable musicians, and remains one of the most significant tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He received many posthumous awards and recognition, including canonization by the African Orthodox Church as Saint John William Coltrane. In 2007, Coltrane was awarded the Pulitzer Prize Special Citation for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz." Coltrane's first recordings were made when he was a sailorJohn Coltrane was born in Hamlet, North Carolina on September 23, 1926, and grew up in High Point, NC, attending William Penn High School (now Penn-Griffin School for the Arts). Beginning in December 1938 Coltrane's aunt, grandparents, and father all died within a few months of each other, leaving John to be raised by his mother and a close cousin. In June 1943 he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He enlisted in the Navy in 1945, and played in the Navy jazz band once he was stationed in Hawaii. Coltrane returned to civilian life in 1946 and began jazz theory studies with Philadelphia guitarist and composer Dennis Sandole. Coltrane continued under Sandole's tutelage until the early 1950s. Originally an altoist, during this time Coltrane also began playing tenor saxophone with the Eddie Vinson Band. Coltrane later r