Globalisation and Livelihood Transformations in the Indonesian Seaweed Industry

This book explores the rapidly changing seaweed industry in Indonesia, the largest global producer of carrageenan-bearing seaweeds. Seaweed production in Indonesia has grown exponentially over the last twenty years, and rural communities across the country have embraced this new livelihood activity. This book begins with an examination of the global carrageenan seaweed industry, from the global market for carrageenan in processed foods, to the national and regional contexts in Indonesia across which it is farmed, processed, and traded. It then explores the ways that rural communities have reshaped their lives around seaweed production, with chapters on agrarian transformations, negotiations over access to sea space, farmer decision-making in presence of environmental, social and economic constraints, the role of women and casual labourers in the industry, and the marketing of seaweed through social networks. Based on a multi-disciplinary research initiative, this book demonstrates the interrelatedness of environmental, social and economic dynamics on seaweed production, processing and trade, and argues for key policy interventions to support the sustainable development of the industry in the context of climate change. It also provides a lens for understanding and improving the broader processes of sustainable rural development in a rapidly globalising and commercialising world. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of aquaculture, food systems, agricultural economics, rural studies and sustainable development. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Zannie Langford is Research Fellow at the Griffith University Asia Institute and an Honorary Research Fellow in the School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability at the University of Queensland, where she undertook the research for this book. Her current research explores shifts in development financing in Indonesia and the Pacific. She has also undertaken a range of applied research projects focusing on land tenure, global value chains, smallholder agribusiness and rural development financing in Northern Australia, Indonesia and the Pacific.

Introduction Zannie Langford PART I: Globalisation and the Indonesian seaweed industry 1. The global carrageenan industry Jing Zhang, Zannie Langford, and Scott Waldron 2. The Indonesian seaweed industry Scott Waldron, Zannie Langford, Syamsul Pasaribu, Nunung Nuryartono, Boedi Julianto, and Irsyadi Siradjuddin 3. The South Sulawesi seaweed industry Radhiyah Ruhon, Scott Waldron, Zannie Langford, Adam Komarek, Jing Zhang, and Eko Cahyadi PART II: Livelihood transformations 4. Export commodity frontiers and the transformation of village life Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, and Risya Arsyi Armis 5. From communal access to private ownership: Negotiating rights to the sea Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Risya Arsyi Armis, and Imran Lapong 6. Environmental and socio-economic constraints to marine farming. Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach, Imran Lapong, and Risya Arsyi Armis 7. Farmer decision-making Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Imran Lapong, and Risya Arsyi Armis 8. Gendered work and casual labour in the Indonesian seaweed industry Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Risya Arsyi Armis, and Imran Lapong 9. Seaweed marketing: Village-based traders as financial and market intermediaries Zannie Langford, Radhiyah Ruhon, Zulung Zach Walyandra, Risya Arsyi Armis, and Imran Lapong Conclusion Zannie Langford