Social Enterprise in Latin America

In the absence of a widely accepted and common definition of social enterprise (SE), a large research project, the "International Comparative Social Enterprise Models" (ICSEM) Project, was carried out over a five-year period; it involved more than 200 researchers from 55 countries and relied on bottom-up approaches to capture the SE phenomenon. This strategy made it possible to take into account and give legitimacy to locally embedded approaches, thus resulting in an analysis encompassing a wide diversity of social enterprises, while simultaneously allowing for the identification of major SE models to delineate the field on common grounds at the international level. These SE models reveal or confirm an overall trend towards new ways of sharing the responsibility for the common good in today's economies and societies. We tend to consider as good news the fact that social enterprises actually stem from all parts of the economy. Indeed, societies are facing many complex challenges at all levels, from the local to the global level. The diversity and internal variety of SE models are a sign of a broadly shared willingness to develop appropriate although sometimes embryonic-responses to these challenges, on the basis of innovative economic/business models driven by a social mission. In spite of their weaknesses, social enterprises may be seen as advocates for and vehicles of the general interest across the whole economy. Of course, the debate about privatisation, deregulation and globalised market competition-all factors that may hinder efforts in the search for the common good-has to be addressed as well. The second of a series of four ICSEM books, Social Enterprise in Latin America will serve as a key reference and resource for teachers, researchers, students, experts, policy makers, journalists and other categories of people who want to acquire a broad understanding of the phenomena of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship as they emerge and develop across the world.

Luiz Inácio Gaiger is a full professor at Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos, Brazil). He holds a Master of Science and a PhD in Sociology from the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium). Marthe Nyssens is a full professor at the School of Economics of the Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain, Belgium) and a member of the Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Work, State and Society (CIRTES, UCLouvain). Fernanda Wanderley obtained her PhD in Sociology from Columbia University in the City of New York (US). She is the director of the Institute of Socio-Economic Research (IISEC) of the Bolivian Catholic University "San Pablo".

Part 1: SE Landscapes and Their Ecosystems 1. Social and Solidarity Economy Organisations in Argentina: Diversity, Models and Perspectives Gonzalo Vázquez 2. Bolivian Cooperative and Community Enterprises: Economic and Political Dimensions Fernanda Wanderley 3. Social Enterprise in Brazil Adriane Ferrarini, Luiz Inácio Gaiger, Marília Veronese and Paulo Cruz Filho 4. Social and Solidarity Economy Organisations in Chile: Concepts, Historical Trajectories, Trends, and Characteristics Michela Giovannini, Pablo Nachar, Sebastián Gatica and Nicolás Gómez 5. Social Enterprise in Ecuador: Institutionalisation and Types of Popular and Solidarity Organisations in the Light of Political Embeddedness María José Ruiz Rivera and Andreia Lemaître 6. Social Enterprise in Mexico Carola Conde Bonfil and Leïla Oulhaj 7. The Encounter of Andean Solidarity and the Purpose-driven Business: Defining and Modeling Social Enterprises in Peru María Angela Priallé and Susy Caballero Part 2: Transversal Analysis 8. The Political Dimension of Social Enterprises Jean-Louis Laville 9. Does Latin America have Specific SE Models? Some Empirical Evidence Jacques Defourny, Marthe Nyssens and Olivier Brolis 10. SE in South America: Challenges and Perspectives Luiz Inácio Gaiger and Fernanda Wanderley Conclusion by Marthe Nyssens, Luis Inacio Gaiger and Fernanda Wanderley

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