Alone in the World - European authors, anti-Americanism and the American loneliness

Are Americans from Mars and Europeans from Venus? Is anti-Americanism legitimized racism? Or is it something nonexistent, a construction of American ultra-patriots who do not accept criticis? Many attribute European hostility to the United States to envy and consider "Americanism" to be the ultimate form of modernization. Indeed, in many cases, anti-Americanism is a series of stereotypes, prejudices and oversimplified, usually inaccurate, information: the problem in our societies is that all misunderstandings, although they constitute false ideas, remain true facts. Negative feelings and fantasies about America date back to the discovery of the New World, since Columbus brought back the image of an attractive primitivism to which he simultaneously attributed elements of degeneration. And before the New World developed into the United States and then into a global power -a "superpower"-, Europe felt a kind of disempowerment that stemmed from its own self: America seemed like a threatening nouveau riche rapidly rising to the world stage. These sentiments were not always clear and unambiguous: many Europeans oscillated between anxiety and bewilderment, while others saw America as the ideal refuge from the European narrowness, the stifling traditions, and the authoritarian regimes.

- S-t- ---ätaf----- -e------e st-- ----a t- 1957. Sp--dase st- Fäµäe-t--- -µ-µa t-- F-s---µä-µat---- -ä st- Gä---- -µ-µa t-- F---s-f---- t-- ----. ---ä d-d--t-- st-- -µe---ä--- -st---a -ä st-- -st---a t-- p--e--. --e- ---e- µetad-dät------ sp--d-- st- f---s-f-a t-- µä-µat---- -ä st-- d-e--e-- s--se--. --e- e-d-se- µ---st---µata, ---ß--e-, d---µ-a -ä d----µata. -etaf---e- ap- t-sse--- ---sse- -ä ä-----afe- st-- --p-. -p- t-- --d-se-- -at--- -----f----- ta ---a t--: -- e---st-s-- t-- µ---ß--- (2000), Ft--- ------ (2001), --µpat--- (2003), S-----es- (2005), -------a ---t-- (2006), S-ßßat- ß--d- st-- ---- t-- p---- (2008), ---- ap- t- äµa s-- (2008), - ------ p--- (2009), -----, µ-a ---- ---a (2009), - -p--e--- ---ä-- (2010), G-a t-- ä-p- t-- -e-µet--ä (2011), Sp---e- -äe- (2013), ---ä---- -atä---te- (2014), G--µµa ap- t-- ---s-a (2015), -st-afte-- ped-a (2016), -- t---- t-- --sµ-- se ä----- --p- (2017, --at--- --aße-- ----te---ä), -- ----a pä- st- -e-- ß---- (2019), S--e---- e-d----- (2021), ---- t- ----t--- (2023), - f--- (--a --d-s-, 2023), --ts-µp------ (--a --d-s-, 2023), --- --t-e-e-. -d----tä st- --t-a -ä-f----a (--a, ääe---µ--- --d-s-, 2024), ta d---µ-a ---ste-- t--µ---at-a, d-µ---at-a -ä ---t-- (se s--e--as-a µe t-- ---a --äe-µ-----, 2003), -----tä µe t-- ----- --a t- f---s-f-a -ä t- ---µa t-- ---- (2012), -----ä-sµ--, p---p---t-sµ---t-ta, e-s-µ-t-s-, af-µ---s- (2015), ----- st-- --sµ-: ----pä-- s----afe--, ät-aµe---ä-sµ-- -ä aµe---ä--- µ--ä-- (2019), -ä-- -ä -- s------- p---t---- ------ -ä-ä-e- -ä ------. S-µe--se-- --a t-- ---t- de-aet-a t-- 21-- ä--a (2023), St- p---- t-- t-e---: -d---e- ---se-- (2024). -p-s-- --e- ----e- ß-ß--a --a päd-- -ä -----: G--µµa ap- --ä d---- (2005), -f---ä--- -µe------- (2008), - -----a -ä t- f---t- ---- (2011), - -ä--- st' as-µ---a --s-- -ä sta ------a d-s- (ääe---µ--- --d-s- 2014), -- ä-ä-- -----e- ------ t- µ-t- t--- pät-- (2015), -- ä-ä-- -----e- ------ t- µ-t- t--- pät-- (-ä-) (2016), -----tä --a t-- --f-as-----es- (2017).